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991.
Patrizia Vaccino Heinz-Albert Becker Andrea Brandolini Francesco Salamini Benjamin Kilian 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,281(3):289-300
The celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory condition characterized by injury to the lining of the small-intestine on exposure
to the gluten of wheat, barley and rye. The involvement of gluten in the CD syndrome has been studied in detail in bread wheat,
where a set of “toxic” and “immunogenic” peptides has been defined. For wheat diploid species, information on CD epitopes
is poor. In the present paper, we have adopted a genomic approach in order to understand the potential CD danger represented
by storage proteins in diploid wheat and sequenced a sufficiently large number of cDNA clones related to storage protein genes
of Triticum monococcum. Four bona fide toxic peptides and 13 immunogenic peptides were found. All the classes of storage proteins were shown to contain harmful
sequences. The major conclusion is that einkorn has the full potential to induce the CD syndrome, as already evident for polyploid
wheats. In addition, a complete overview of the storage protein gene arsenal in T. monococcum is provided, including a full-length HMW x-type sequence and two partial HMW y-type sequences.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
992.
993.
Lawrence A. Farwell 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2012,6(2):115-154
Brain fingerprinting (BF) detects concealed information stored in the brain by measuring brainwaves. A specific EEG event-related
potential, a P300-MERMER, is elicited by stimuli that are significant in the present context. BF detects P300-MERMER responses
to words/pictures relevant to a crime scene, terrorist training, bomb-making knowledge, etc. BF detects information by measuring
cognitive information processing. BF does not detect lies, stress, or emotion. BF computes a determination of “information
present” or “information absent” and a statistical confidence for each individual determination. Laboratory and field tests
at the FBI, CIA, US Navy and elsewhere have resulted in 0% errors: no false positives and no false negatives. 100% of determinations
made were correct. 3% of results have been “indeterminate.” BF has been applied in criminal cases and ruled admissible in
court. Scientific standards for BF tests are discussed. Meeting the BF scientific standards is necessary for accuracy and
validity. Alternative techniques that failed to meet the BF scientific standards produced low accuracy and susceptibility
to countermeasures. BF is highly resistant to countermeasures. No one has beaten a BF test with countermeasures, despite a
$100,000 reward for doing so. Principles of applying BF in the laboratory and the field are discussed. 相似文献
994.
995.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in surface water chemistry and ecology and trends in DOC concentration
have been also associated with shifts in terrestrial carbon pools. Numerous studies have reported long-term trends in DOC
concentration; however, some studies consider changes in average measured DOC whereas other compute discharge weighted concentrations.
Because of differences in reporting methods and variable record lengths it is difficult to compare results among studies and
make regional generalizations. Furthermore, changes in stream discharge may impact long-term trends in DOC concentration and
the potentially subtle effect of shifts in stream flow may be missed if only measured DOC concentrations are considered. In
this study we compare trends in volume-weighted vs. average measured DOC concentration between 1980 and 2001 at seven headwater
streams in south-central Ontario, Canada that vary in wetland coverage and DOC (22-year mean vol. wt.) from 3.4 to 10.6 mg l−1. On average, annual measured DOC concentrations were 13–34% higher than volume-weighted values, but differences of up to
290% occurred in certain years. Estimates of DOC flux were correspondingly higher using measured concentration values. Both
measured and volume-weighted DOC concentrations increased significantly between 1980 and 2001, but slopes were larger in measured
data (0.04–0.35 mg l−1 year−1 compared with 0.05–0.15 mg l−1 year−1) and proportional increases at the most wetland-influenced sites ranged from 32 to 43% in volume-weighted DOC and from 52
to 75% in measured DOC. In contrast, DOC flux did not change with time when estimated using either method, because of the
predominant influence of stream flow on DOC export. Our results indicate that changes in stream flow have an important impact
on trends in DOC concentration, and extrapolation of trend results from one region to another should be made cautiously and
consider methodological and reporting differences among sites. 相似文献
996.
The probability that protected areas will deliver their potential for maintaining or enhancing biodiversity is likely to be
maximised if they are appropriately and effectively managed. As a result, governments and conservation agencies are devoting
much attention to the management of protected areas. In the U.K., the demand for performance accountability has resulted in
Public Service Agreements (PSA) that set out targets for government departments to deliver results in return for investments
being made. One such target for England is to ensure that all nationally important wildlife sites are in favourable condition
by 2010. Here, we tested the hypothesis, of potential strategic importance, that the ecological condition of these sites is
predictable from relationships with a range of physical, environmental and demographic variables. We used binary logistic
regression to investigate these relationships, using the results of English Nature’s 1997–2003 condition assessment exercise.
Generally, sites in unfavourable condition tend to be larger in area, located at higher elevations, but with higher human
population density and are more spatially isolated from units of the same habitat. However, despite the range of different
parameters included in our models, the extent to which the condition of any given site could be predicted was low. Our results
have implications for the delivery of PSA targets, funding allocation, and the location of new protected areas. 相似文献
997.
Riccardo Montioli Carlotta Zamparelli Carla Borri Voltattorni Barbara Cellini 《The protein journal》2017,36(3):174-185
Human ornithine δ-aminotransferase (hOAT) (EC 2.6.1.13) is a mitochondrial pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase whose deficit is associated with gyrate atrophy, a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing progressive blindness and chorioretinal degeneration. Here, both the apo- and holo-form of recombinant hOAT were characterized by means of spectroscopic, kinetic, chromatographic and computational techniques. The results indicate that apo and holo-hOAT (a) show a similar tertiary structure, even if apo displays a more pronounced exposure of hydrophobic patches, (b) exhibit a tetrameric structure with a tetramer-dimer equilibrium dissociation constant about fivefold higher for the apoform with respect to the holoform, and (c) have apparent Tm values of 46 and 67?°C, respectively. Moreover, unlike holo-hOAT, apo-hOAT is prone to unfolding and aggregation under physiological conditions. We also identified Arg217 as an important hot-spot at the dimer–dimer interface of hOAT and demonstrated that the artificial dimeric variant R217A exhibits spectroscopic properties, Tm values and catalytic features similar to those of the tetrameric species. This finding indicates that the catalytic unit of hOAT is the dimer. However, under physiological conditions the apo-tetramer is slightly less prone to unfolding and aggregation than the apo-dimer. The possible implications of the data for the intracellular stability and regulation of hOAT are discussed. 相似文献
998.
999.
Raimundo Wagner Souza Aguiar Suetonio Fernandes dos Santos Fabricio da Silva Morgado Sergio Donizeti Ascencio Magnólia de Mendon?a Lopes Kelvinson Fernandes Viana Julcemar Didonet Bergmann Morais Ribeiro 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
This study investigated the toxic effects of essential oils isolated from Siparuna guianensis against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult) and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. The oviposition-deterring activity, egg viability, and repellence activity in the presence of different essential oils concentrations were determined. The essential oils showed high toxicity to all developmental stages of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. Furthermore, the oils also showed high repellent activity towards the adult stage of mosquitoes (0.025 to 0.550 μg/cm2 skin conferred 100% repellence up to 120 min) and in contact with cultured insect cells (C6/36) induced death possibly by necrosis. The results presented in this work show the potential of S. guianensis essential oils for the development of an alternative and effective method for the natural control of mosquitoes in homes and urban areas. 相似文献
1000.
Although the chemoreceptive function of the carotid body has been known for many decades, the cellular mechanisms of sensory transduction in this organ remain obscure. Common elements in the transductive processes of many cells are the cyclic nucleotide second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Studies from our laboratory have revealed stimulus-induced changes in cyclic nucleotide levels in the carotid body as measured by RIA, but such changes in second messenger levels have not been localized to specific cellular elements in the organ. The present immunocytochemical study utilized the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method to investigate the distribution of cAMP and cGMP in the rat carotid body and to assess changes in the intensity of immunostaining following in vitro stimulation by hypoxia, forskolin, sodium nitroprusside, high potassium, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Both cAMP and cGMP immunoreactivity were localized to type I cells of organs maintained in vivo and fixed by perfusion. Organs exposed to 100% O2-equilibrated media in vitro produced low but visible levels of cAMP immunoreactivity in a majority of type I cells; hypoxia (5% O2-equilibrated media) for 10 min moderately increased the level of immunoreactivity; forskolin (10(-5) M), or forskolin combined with hypoxia, dramatically increased cAMP levels in virtually all cells. Moderate levels of cGMP immunoreactivity in control carotid bodies in vitro were strikingly reduced by hypoxia; a significant increase in cGMP levels occurred following incubation in high potassium (100 mM), and under these conditions, the decrease in cGMP immunoreactivity with hypoxia was much more pronounced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献